STRATEGI KESANTUNAN DALAM TINDAK TUTUR MENYURUH PADA KEGIATAN ULAON UNJUK ADAT BATAK TOBA: PERSPEKTIF JENDER

Christina Natalina Saragi

Abstract


Tujuan penelitian mengidentifikasi perbedaan strategi kesantunan dalam tindak tutur menyuruh tamu pria dan wanita Batak Toba dalam kegiatan ulaon unjuk (upacara puncak pernikahan) adat Batak Toba di Tebing Tinggi. Desain penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif.  Strategi kesantunan yang paling dominan dituturkan oleh tamu pria adalah strategi kesantunan langsung, tidak langsung yang direalisasikan dengan metafor, positif yang direalisasikan dengan berkelakar membuat lelucon dan negatif yang direalisasikan dengan kurangi kekuatan atau daya ancaman terhadap muka lawan tutur; sedangkan tamu wanita Batak Toba adalah kesantunan langsung. Strategi kesantunan yang digunakan oleh tamu pria Batak Toba dipengaruhi oleh faktor sikap tamu pria Batak Toba yang langsung dalam mengungkapkan suatu hal, tidak bertele-tela, faktor pengalaman yang lebih di dalam adat istiadat sehingga dapat berkelakar serta bermetafor, dan faktor kebudayaan yaitu patrialisme, kekuasaan berada ditangan pria batak Toba, hal ini yang melatar belakangi pria batak Toba menggunakan empat strategi kesantunan Brown dan Levinson (1987) sedangkan tamu wanita Batak Toba, faktor situasional melatarbelakangi sehingga tamu wanita lebih dominan menuturkan strategi kesantunan langsung dan faktor kebudayaan yaitu sikap dan peran yang sudah diwariskan kepada wanita batak Toba, sikap wanita Batak Toba yaitu ramah, lemah lembut, teliti serta mudah diterima dimasyarakat dan peran sebagai istri yang melayani suami, membesarkan dan mengajari  anak-anak serta mengurus rumah tangga yang melatar belakangi tamu wanita batak Toba menggunakan empat strategi kesantunan Brown dan Levinson (1987).

 

The purpose of the study was to identify differences in politeness strategies in order speech acts of male and female Batak Toba guests in the ulaon unjuk (the peak wedding ceremony) of the Batak Toba custom in Tebing Tinggi. The design of this research was descriptive qualitative. The most dominant politeness strategies spoken by male guests are direct politeness strategies, indirectly realized by metaphors, positive realized by making jokes, and negatives realized by reducing the strength or power of threat to the face of the opposing speaker, whereas female guests of the Toba Batak are direct politeness. The politeness strategy used by male guests of Batak Toba was influenced by factors in the attitude of male Batak Toba guests who are directly in expressing a matter, not rambling, more experience factors in customs so that they can joke and report, and cultural factors namely patrialism, in which the power in the hands of Toba Batak men, this was the background of Toba Batak men using four politeness strategies Brown and Levinson (1987) while female guests of Toba Batak, situational factors lie behind so that female guests are more dominant in telling direct politeness strategies and cultural factors namely attitudes and roles has been passed down to Toba Batak women, the attitude of Batak Toba women is friendly, gentle, conscientious and easily accepted in the community and the role as a wife who serves her husband, raising and teaching children and taking care of the household that is the background of Toba Batak women guests using four strategies Brown politeness and Levinson (1987).


Keywords


strategi kesantunan; tindak tutur menyuruh; tindak tutur direktif; ulaon unjuk; Batak Toba

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.37671/sb.v8i1.192

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